dvipdfmx

だめだった

\documentclass[11pt,a4paper,uplatex]{jsarticle}
\usepackage[dvipdfmx]{graphicx}
\usepackage[dvipdfm, usenames]{color}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=9cm]{a.png}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

できた

\documentclass[11pt,a4paper,uplatex]{jsarticle}
\usepackage[dvipdfmx]{graphicx}
\usepackage[dvipdfmx, usenames]{color} %m→mx
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=9cm]{a.png}
\end{figure}
\end{document}